In this course, you will be using Chicago Manual of Style citations, both for your bibliography and your footnotes/endnotes. Chicago style citations are usually used for fields like art history, history, and other humanities, while other citations styles (MLA, APA) are used in other subjects.
It's important to always cite your sources when you are doing college writing, because citations:
Citations are also a great way to do research--if you find a good source on your topic, check out its citations. There will probably be more sources on your topic listed there.
There are many guides and resources available to help you with your citations.
Books:
Bibliography/Works Cited:
Last Name, First Name. Title of Book in Italics. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Huppert, George. After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1986.
Footnote/Endnote:
First name Last name. Title of Book in Italics (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number of information used.
George Huppert. After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1986), 89.
Articles:
Bibliography/Works Cited:
Last name, First name. "Article Title in Quotes." Journal Title in Italics Vol. #, Issue # (date of publication): page numbers of whole article.
Poynor, Robin. "Personal Reflections on Technologies and the Study of African Art." African Arts 56, no. 4 (Winter 2023): 1-7.
Footnote/Endnote:
First name Last name, "Article Title in Quotes," Journal Title in Italics Vol. #, Issue # (date of publication): page number of information used.
Robin Poyner, "Personal Reflections on Technologies and the Study of African Art," African Arts 56, no. 4 (Winter 2023): 5.
Whether you're citing an article or book, once you have included the entire citation as a footnote/endnote the first time, each time after that, you can just enter:
Last name, page number of information used.
Poyner, 5.